专用于充电桩的KVG品牌高精度振荡器，Die KVG Quartz Crystal Technology GmbH bietet als eigenst?ndiges, weltweit operierendes Unternehmen auf dem Gebiet „Frequency Control Products“ (Quarze, Quarzoszillatoren, Filter) mit innovativen Technologien und fortschrittlichen Produktionsmethoden interessante Angebote für neue Herausforderungen. Wir sind ein mittelst?ndiges deutsches Hightech-Unternehmen. Am Standort Neckarbischofsheim entwickeln, fertigen und vermarkten wir mit rund 50 Mitarbeitern hochpr?zise Oszillatoren für namhafte Kunden im In- und Ausland.

在KVG工作是什么?

KVG Quartz Crystal Technology GmbH是一家独立的全球性公司,在“频率控制产品”(石英,石英晶体振荡器,过滤器)领域提供创新技术和先进的生产方法,以应对新的挑战。我们是一家中型德国高科技公司。在Neckarbischofsheim工厂,我们拥有约50名员工,为国内外知名客户开发,制造和销售高精度振荡器。

创新

始终领先竞争对手一步,这就是德国高科技的特点。KVG在技术上始终走在世界前列!

 传统

75 多年来,KVG Quartz Crystal Technology 一直是客户的强大而有能力的合作伙伴。在一个充满活力的市场环境中,KVG通过不断创新和长期的企业管理,成为FCP领域历史最悠久的德国公司之一。

产品为世界

作为一家高科技公司,KVG是高精度有源晶体振荡器领域的全球技术领导者。员工欣赏公司位于Kraichgaus田园诗般的山丘上的位置,短途通往海德堡,海尔布隆和曼海姆的大都市中心。

领先全球HELE Quartz Crystal Oscillator编码详情，From Raw Quartz Crystal to Precision: Crystal Oscillators

In the realm of electronics, precision is paramount. The accuracy of a device's operation often hinges on the stability of its frequency generation.

Nature, like a quartz crystal, is essential in pursuing precision. Modern electronics use a quartz crystal found in nature as a crystal oscillator. This blog post will explain the process of how this happens.

Understanding Quartz and Its Unique Properties

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals found on Earth. It's a semi-precious gemstone composed of silicon dioxide. Quartz crystals come in various types, including rock crystal, amethyst, citrine, rose quartz, smoky quartz, ametrine, jasper, carnelian, and agate. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, quartz has unique properties, making it a cornerstone of electronic devices.

Applying mechanical stress to quartz generates an electric charge, and people call this property piezoelectricity. Crystal oscillators, which many devices use, rely on the special properties of quartz crystals.

The Transformation Process

Turning a piece of raw crystal quartz into a functional crystal oscillator involves several steps. We perform each step meticulously to ensure that the resultant oscillator functions with the highest possible precision.

Cutting and Grinding

Start by cutting and grinding the raw quartz crystal into a thin wafer. Typically, it takes the shape of a rectangle or a tuning fork. The cutting of quartz affects the stability of its frequency due to its crystal lattice. Once cut, the wafer is further ground and lapped to achieve the desired thickness and parallelism.

Mounting and Encasing

After shaping the quartz wafer, we mount it between two electrodes, usually made of metal. These electrodes are essential for applying the voltage that will cause the quartz to vibrate. The quartz and electrode assembly is protected from temperature and humidity to maintain frequency stability.

Testing and Adjustment

The encased quartz crystal is now a basic crystal oscillator. However, engineers must test it for precision before using it in an electronic device. If the oscillator's frequency is off, we may need to adjust the thickness of the quartz wafer slightly. This testing and adjustment process continues until the oscillator operates at the desired frequency with an acceptable level of stability.

The Role of Quartz Oscillators in Electronics

Quartz crystal oscillators have become indispensable in the world of electronics. When electricity powers the quartz crystal, it vibrates at its special frequency, generating a signal with an exact frequency. This signal stabilizes clock signals in digital circuits, stabilizes frequencies in radios, and keeps time in wristwatches.

Quartz oscillators are everywhere, so you're probably always close to one, within a few feet, at any time. They exist in everything from cell phones and computers to car engines and satellite systems.

In Conclusion

From raw quartz crystal to electronic components, the journey combines nature and technology in a captivating way. It's a testament to human ingenuity that we've found ways to harness the unique properties of quartz for our purposes.

We provide high-quality quartz crystal oscillators for different purposes at Harmony Electronics. We are excited to be a part of this journey.

The accuracy of our products depends on the quality of the quartz crystal we use. It also depends on how carefully we make them. You can learn more about our commitment to quality and the role of quartz in our products here.

When you use your phone or drive your car, think about the small piece of quartz. This small piece of quartz helps these devices work accurately. From raw quartz crystal to an indispensable part of modern electronics, it's truly a transformation journey.

从原始石英晶体到精密:晶体振荡器

在电子领域，精确度是最重要的。设备操作的准确性通常取决于其频率产生的稳定性。

大自然就像石英晶体一样，在追求精确的过程中必不可少。现代电子学使用自然界中的石英晶振作为晶体振荡器。这篇博客文章将解释这是如何发生的过程。

了解石英及其独特的属性

石英是地球上发现的最丰富的矿物之一。这是一种由二氧化硅组成的半宝石。石英晶体有多种类型，包括水晶、紫水晶、黄水晶、玫瑰水晶、烟石英、水晶、碧玉、红玉髓和玛瑙。除了其美学吸引力，石英还具有独特的属性，使其成为电子设备的基石。领先全球HELE Quartz Crystal Oscillator编码详情.

对石英施加机械应力会产生电荷，人们称这种性质为压电性。许多设备使用的晶体振荡器依赖于石英晶体的特殊性质。

GEYER OSCILLATOR CRYSTAL，我们将在整个项目中为您提供专业的设计支持。我们的全球服务包括个人咨询和保证电路的验证交付您从我们这里购买的组件。我们的优势之一是在项目的整个生命周期中包括开发阶段已经提供的经验和技术。另一个优势是通过我们的支持15年以上的长期项目长期交货保证和生命周期管理.

例如，我们仍然从一开始就提供SMD晶振，如GEYER KX-C系列，从1992年的一个项目开始就提供。

For decades GEYER Electronic has been one of the leading manufacturers of frequency products, Quartz Crystals, Oscillators and Ceramic Resonators.

Founded in 1964, we serve our customers worldwide from our headquarters in Germany and other locations in Europe, Asia and the USA.

We attach great importance to close cooperation with our customers beginning at the development phase. This ensures that we deliver exactly what you need right from the start.

几十年来，格耶电子一直是频率产品的领先制造商之一，石英晶体, 振荡器和陶瓷谐振器.

成立于1964，我们从我们的德国总部以及欧洲、亚洲和美国的其他地方。

我们非常重视与客户的密切合作从开发阶段开始。这确保了我们从一开始就提供您所需要的东西。

We have been working with GEYER Electronic for many years. In addition to the impeccable quality of the crystals and oscillators, we particularly appreciate the customer and solution-oriented service as well as the possibility of having circuit validations carried out with the Design- and Test Center and receiving corresponding product recommendations. We always receive excellent support from both the Sales and Technical Departments. The long-term availability of the products ensures a stable supply, and the price-performance ratio is optimal. - GEYER Electronic is and remains a reliable partner for us, on whom we will continue to rely in the future.

我们已经与GEYER电子公司合作多年。除了晶体和进口晶体振荡器无可挑剔的质量之外，我们特别欣赏面向客户和解决方案的服务，以及与设计和测试中心一起进行电路验证并接收相应产品建议的可能性。我们总是得到销售和技术部门的大力支持。产品的长期供货保证了稳定的货源，性价比最优。- GEYER Electronic是并且仍然是我们的可靠合作伙伴，我们将在未来继续依赖它。

在设计新的电子电路时，设计工程师通常需要考虑晶体或振荡器是否是合适的选择：有多少空间？频率稳定性的要求是什么？费用是多少用于组件和开发电路的这一部分？

少量-振荡器是合适的选择
通过使用晶体，设计工程师可以构建任何振荡电路。那么，为什么经常使用现成的振荡器呢
即使是在时钟生成这样的简单应用中？显然，原因不仅在于所需的频率稳定性。安全的启动条件以及任何所需环境条件的可靠性也将发挥作用。此外，晶体的使用需要一定的努力来使电路适应晶体并确保可靠的启动电路性能。

因此，建议少量使用，以节省设计成本并使用更昂贵的振荡器，而不是水晶。通过使用振荡器，不需要像晶体那样的其他外部组件。这样也可以节省空间在PCB上。振荡器很容易获得，例如尺寸为7x5mm SMD或更小（图1）。手册微控制器通常包含如何应用外部振荡器的信息。

图。1:SMD有源晶体振荡器，尺寸为7x5mm。这种振荡器的频率范围为1MHz至160MHz，电源电压为1.8 V/2.5 V/3.0伏/3.3伏和5伏（GEYER Electronic）
通过晶体和分立元件构建自己的振荡电路对于更大的数量或如果IC不使用内部振荡器。可以选择Pierce或Colpitts振荡器。此外，还可以创建振荡器通过反相器电路的适当反馈（图2）。

图。2:Pierce再生振荡电路反相器和基模晶体。RGK是一种用于调节直流操作的高欧姆电阻器电压RV是一个用于抑制泛音的串联电阻器频率。C1和C2用于调整电容负载到指定负载电容水晶。RV、晶体、C1和C2提供相移。加上（放大）的180°相移逆变器，振荡的必要条件可以是实现。GEYER OSCILLATOR CRYSTAL.

晶体在微控制器中的应用大多数微控制器已经包含了时钟电路的基本组件。为了完成电路对于Pierce或Colpitts振荡器类型，只需要一个晶体和其他外部无源元件。应用微控制器的手册描述了必要的细节。为了最大限度地减少任何寄生效应，所有连接从微控制器到晶体电路应保持尽可能短。
在40MHz及以上的频率下，使用泛音晶体。这些泛音晶体需要一个特殊的过滤器电路，以便抑制基本模式。滤波电路由电容器和电感组成。如果过滤器省略，电路以其基本模式振荡（例如：预期48MHz的第三泛音晶体，电路以16MHz振荡）。带有泛音晶体的振荡器电路应具有非常大的尺寸，并进行最大限度的测试照顾.

图。3：微控制器的典型外部电路
皮尔斯振荡器配置。

带外部晶体的皮尔斯振荡器（基本模式）如果微控制器配备皮尔斯振荡器配置，晶体将连接到两个电容器，如图所示。3（C1和C2）。对于4MHz以上的频率，不需要额外的串联电阻器，因为适当的串联电阻器通常将被包括在微控制器的逆变器级内。此外，高欧姆电阻器集成在微控制器内，以调整直流工作电压（图3中为1MΩ）。CS1和CS2包括输入以及微控制器的输出电容以及由PCB上的导电路径贡献的其他电容。通过外部电容器C1使整个电路电容适合于晶体CL的指定负载电容和C2：
 (C1+CS1 ) x (C2+CS2) 

-------------------------     = CL (equation 1)

 (C1+CS1+C2+CS2)   
示例：提供CL=16pF。假设CS1＝CS2＝12pF，外部电容器可以被评估为C1＝15pF和C2＝27pF。应考虑这些作为后续优化的初始值。C1小于C2，以便提高电路的启动性能。

如果频率与晶体的实际谐振频率匹配，则晶体电路处于最佳状态。实际晶体在其指定负载电容下的谐振频率可以在其测试记录中找到。
应在没有来自探头的任何反馈的情况下测量频率。这通常可以通过测量在微控制器的另一个端口处的频率。如果晶体被电容器过载，则频率较小比要求的要大（否则会更大）。
皮尔斯振荡器的串联电阻器
如上所述，具有皮尔斯振荡器配置的微控制器可能需要外部串联电阻器对于低于4MHz的频率。串联电阻器RV将有助于抑制不必要的泛音，并调整内部振荡器到外部pi电路，该电路由C1、C2和晶体组成。串联电阻器RV可评估为如下：RV与电容器C2串联，因此起到低通滤波器的作用（图2）。C2的值应为假如通过选择RV，截止频率fT应在基频和第三泛音之间（方程式2和3）。
fT = 2 . f0 (equation 2) 

RV = 1 / (2 π fT C2) (equation 3)

示例：提供晶体谐振频率2MHz和C2=22pF。因此，fT=2 x 2MHz=4MHz，RV=1.8 kΩ。

Quarztechnik SMD Quartz Crystal，德国实力派供应商Quarztechnik公司，凭借着自身的努力实现自我的逆袭，并不断打磨自身的核心竞争力，随着自身的能力的增长，拥有快速交付的能力和高端的生产技术，以及一流的服务团队，使得能够快速满足用户的需求，同时也为用户提供完美的石英晶振解决方案，又以高于用户满意度为最大的目标，因此成为了Quarztechnik公司，又凭着自身的创新能力，打造差异化的产品，并与用户建立深度合作关系。

As manufacturers of oscillating quartz crystals and oscillators in Germany for over 50 years, we make a wide range of products- from channel crystals, oscillating quartz crystals and quartz oscillators to sensor elements based on piezoelectric monocrystals. Our products are used in all types of radio application, as precision crystals for manufacturing oscillators and components for pressure, temperature and mass-sensitive sensors.

Along with standard oscillators, we also manufacture TCXOs and VCTCXOs.

We are one of the leading quartz-crystal manufacturers in Germany. Our strength lies in our ability to turn our customers’ specific requirements into reality within very short timeframes. Our wide product range enables us to handle many aspects of quartz technology, giving the customer good value for money and stable prices.

作为在德国拥有50多年历史的振荡贴片石英晶体和振荡器制造商，我们生产各种产品-从通道晶体、振荡石英晶体和石英振荡器到基于压电单晶的传感器元件。我们的产品用于所有类型的无线电应用，如制造振荡器的精密晶体和压力、温度和质量敏感传感器的元件。Quarztechnik SMD Quartz Crystal.

除了标准振荡器，我们还生产TCXOs和VCTCXOs。

我们是德国主要的石英晶体制造商之一。我们的优势在于我们有能力在极短的时间内将客户的具体要求变成现实。我们广泛的产品范围使我们能够处理石英技术的许多方面，为客户提供良好的性价比和稳定的价格。

NDK will continue to lead the industry and support the development of electronics as a top manufacturer of crystal devices with high reliable, high quality, and high precision products.

NDK提供各种尖端产品，并支持定制设计以满足个人需求，提供针对客户应用优化的进口晶体振荡器。
NDK的晶体振荡器是利用合成石英晶体生长技术和光刻技术设计的，在5G基站和智能手机的高精度、低抖动和低噪声特性以及汽车设备的高质量和高可靠性要求方面取得了优异的性能。我们还开发了用于汽车应用的晶体振荡器。

CTS编码535L12M05GAS是一款高性能5032mm的TCXO温补晶振，With the higher bandwidth and faster speeds of next-gen communication systems comes new challenges for system noise and timing. This whitepaper, 5G mmWave (NR) Systems and Noise Consideration, provides the in-depth examinations and solutions you need to address these challenges. Review key considerations in addressing 5G mmWave new radio systems, 5G system noise requirements, how the frequency reference source affects noise level, and more.  

CTS’ portfolio of precision timing devices for 5G networks is designed to comply and support the stringent performance and quality standards of wider bandwidth and transmission rates operating at high frequencies.

CTS Model 535 is a high performance Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator [TCXO] suitable for applications requiring tight stability, Stratum 3 performance and more. Employing IC technology with Clipped Sine output and analog temperature compensation engine; coupled with a fundamental quartz crystal M535 has excellent stability and low jitter/phase noise performance.

Quartz crystal is an electronic component that utilizes the piezoelectric effect of quartz to generate high-precision oscillation frequencies. Quartz has become an important component which is widely used in various electronic devices due to its physical characteristics of low temperature coefficient and high Q value. Taitien is one of the few manufacturers who owns its in-house wafer cutting technology. By vertically integrating the production of upstream quartz wafers, wafers’ angles and thicknesses are cut precisely so as to control the material source and quality. Taitien is keenly aware of the mainstream development of electronic products that are light and thin, as well as the demand for high-speed transmission and high-frequency communication. We provide a variety of miniature, low-power consumption, high-precision and wide-temperature quartz crystals to satisfy customers' diversified needs for quartz components.

泰艺推出优化后的SMD晶体成为主流款XYDEECNANF-24.000000，石英晶体是利用石英的压电效应产生高精度振荡频率的电子元件。石英由于其低温度系数和高Q值的物理特性，已成为广泛应用于各种电子设备中的重要元件。Taitien 是少数拥有内部晶圆切割技术的制造商之一。通过垂直整合上游石英晶片的生产，精确切割晶片的角度和厚度，从而控制材料来源和质量。泰艺晶振公司敏锐地意识到轻薄化电子产品的主流发展，以及对高速传输和高频通信的需求。我们提供各种微型、低功耗、引入工业4.0，构建机器互联网，实现智能制造，满足客户需求.